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What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

Definition of AI

Broadly speaking, artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer or program to match human behavior or thinking and perform human tasks. Instead of being programmed for every task, AI can find answers and solve problems on its own. AI employs methods and technologies such as machine learning, cognitive modeling, pattern recognition, and image and natural language processing. AI systems can be used to solve tasks that a human cannot oversee and solve due to their complexity. AI systems are versatile and accomplish different tasks. However, from a scientific point of view, the term AI is as fuzzy as the definition of human intelligence.

 

Weak vs. strong AI

In principle, we distinguish first between weak artificial intelligence and strong artificial intelligence.

  • Weak AI targets a specific task where analyzing large amounts of data assists in problem solving. All AI systems that we know today are based on weak AI. They support us in specific use cases.
  • In contrast, strong AI is defined by self-learning technologies that are used to solve arbitrary tasks, at the level of human intelligence. Strong AI in a futuristic scenario would actually develop its own consciousness and be able to creatively solve tasks of all kinds – but we are still a long way off from that today ... which is a good thing!

History of artificial intelligence

  • 1950: Alan Turing develops the Turing test to see if a machine is perceived as intelligent.
  • 1956: Scientific conference – the first time that simulated machines are referred to as "artificial intelligence".
  • 1966: First Chatbot "ELIZA" is developed.
  • 1972: MYCIN – Artificial intelligence is applied to mainstream medicine.
  • 1997: Deep Blue – AI-based chess machine beats the world chess champion.
  • 2011: Artificial intelligence is omnipresent – voice assistants are integrated into smartphones.
  • 2023: ChatGPT revolutionizes the application field of chatbots.
  • 20xx: Today, we can't quite imagine what AI will be able to do in the future.

FAQ: Frequently asked questions about AI

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